Tugas 4

Tenses Chart

1. While she was trying to read , her friend was practising the piano.
2. He has been buying several jerseys in the last two years.
3. She will bone the meat later.
4. By the time you get there they already left.
5. I was drowning. No body saved me.
6. He said she has not returned the book yet
7. What are you darning at the moment?
8. She thinks her husband will buy a new fridge
9. How much have you spent in London so far ?
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10. In a month’s time I Learned in London so far
11. After he had seen the giraffe he spoke to the keeper
12.  He was buying weed-killer when they arrested him.
13. The plumbing always gives trouble the summer.
14. The trout had risen when they reached the lake.
15. Do you recognize this statue?
16. They say they will not perform tomorrow.
17. What have you been doing since your last recital?
18. As it rained he put up his umbrella.
19. They heard Beethoven better conducted earlier in the year.
20. What is going on here?
21. I only just realized what she meant.
22. I never plant crocuses again.
23. Were you enjoying yourself when I saw you at the party ?
24. I will be to the zoo and going while they are still talking about visiting it.
25. She docked at Tilbury last week.
26. He always accelerates too quickly.
27. Do you hear that awful noise ?
28. By the time the brigade arrived, the house had collapsed.
29. I saw a new type of windscreen wiper while I was walking round the exhibition yesterday.
30. They have been waiting to take off since ten this morning.
31. She shot at leastthree tigers in India last year.
32. We saw what we see
33. He heard an owl hooting as he walked through the wood.
34. They have been producing a hundred shirts every day for two mounts now.
35. Where were you going when I bumped into you?
36. Who was tolding the grasshopper to dance? The ant in the fable did.
37. They wear high heels every day last term.
38. What will you do with a gun in your car?
39. He still doesn’t find his watch.
40. I have lived there several years before I found the nest.
41. When it stung him?
42. She likes cockles. Naturally she prefers lobster.
43. Dragon-flies have very beautiful wings.
44. Time and tide don’t wait for no man, the saying run.
45. I bought some new pruners the other day.
46. The girl in the pay box seldom smiles now a days.
47. The moment he opened the boot the spare wheel fell out.
48. Too many cooks spoiled broth.
49. He left Italy by plane yesterday.

TUGAS 3 Unreal Conditions : Present And Future - writing Conditional Sentence

Unreal Conditions : Present And Future

4. If that man ( work ) harder, he could earn more money.

If that man worked harder, he could earn more money.

5. I would gladly tell you answer if I only ( know ) it myselft

    I would gladly tell you answer if I only knew it myselft

6. If Don and I ( have ) enough money, we would buy a house

    If Don and I had enough money, we would buy a house

7. If the weather ( be ) better right now, we could go for a walk

    If the weather were better right now, we could go for a walk

8. That student would get much higher marks if he ( study ) harder

    That student would get much higher marks if the studied harder

9. If Mr. Smith ( call ) me, I would explain evertyhing to him.

If Mr. Smith called me, I would explain evertyhing to him.

10. Mr. Moore would give up teaching if the ( enjoy, not ) it so much.

  Mr. Moore would give up teaching if she didn't enjoy it so much.

11. If I ( be ) in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson’s offer.

     If I were in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson’s offer.

12. People would understand you better if you ( speak ) more carefully.

     People would understand you better if you spoke more carefully.

Writing Conditional Sentences

1. If the weather were better today, I would go to Bali  with you

2. I would be a millionaire if i won on the television quiz

3. If we had a different english teacher, we could exchange materials to learn

4. We could play a game of cards if we had the card and spare time

5. If everybody dressed the same way, they would feel uncomfortable and shy

6. I wouldn’t do that if it ignored the law

7. If I had more free time, I would use it to watch movies

8. No one would be happy if they got flowers from boyfriend

9. If I spoke Japanese fluently, I would be a Japanese language tutor

10. Your suit would look better if you adjusted with color

11. If I knew all for details, I wouldn’t get a trouble to do my exam

12. Almost anyone would be frightened if the lost of loved ones

13. If I had the day off tomorrow, I would take a rest 

14. The world would be a better place if everybody respected to each other

15. If Alice were a little more careful, she wouldn’t get a accident and injured

How to Solve Eating Difficulty in Children?

Eating difficulty is an issue that is so fundamental and often case to children. Sometimes, when a child is so difficult to chew food invited to make us frustrated. Since then, usually we will try a variety of ways like providing herbal appetite enhancers and hunting child's favorite foods every day. The matters the child eating disorder also intrigued our interest to make an article about tips to overcome the difficult child to eat. Here are the details.

Serve meals with small portions

Maybe the kid does not like the size of your portions that so reluctant to eat the food there. Many children are ilfeel after seeing a sizable portion. So, try to give a little so that they can eat faster and do not get bored in spend food.

Get together with family

Do not let children eat alone and we need to create an atmosphere of togetherness when the child was time to eat. For example, you and your husband are on the table then eat foods together. With the atmosphere of togetherness, then the child's appetite will occur slowly.

Provide healthy snacks

One of the things that concern by parents is the development of the child if he did not want to eat. Of course, when children are fussy eaters then its growth will be stunted and not as friends. One of the best ways to keep it is to try to give nutritional healthy snack. Give interesting snacks such as nuts, dried fruits, and nutritious bread.

Variety of food and a nice appearance

Perhaps, he needs a variety of foods that your appetite he has incurred. For example, you could give spinach on the first day, broccoli on the second day, and chicken-based dishes in the next day. Variety of foods is a very important thing to prevent children from boredom and the desire not to eat.

However, there is one more thing that could trigger a child's appetite, which is an interesting food dish. For example, you can cook carrots to form a star or a unique object. Children will be attracted by the shape and believed to increase appetite. Hopefully, some difficulty eating kids tips above can help you.

How to Maintain Dental and Oral Health in Children

By always having healthy teeth, the process of chewing food will also be more comfortable, the food was delicious flavors will not be disturbed. Another case when impaired dental health. Toothache pain unbelievable, pengennya eat but what can I say when a tooth is sick. There is only hunger and pain in the teeth.
To always maintain the health of your teeth, it needs regular maintenance since an early age. Brush your teeth is a great way to maintain healthy teeth and mouth. Read some of the following could be used to maintain oral health.
Make sure your child to clean their teeth regularly. The way and the most appropriate time is after dinner and before bed. Use toothpaste and brushes are made of nice and soft so it is safe to use and does not cause injury. Perform event brushing thoroughly and evenly.
Limit foods that contain sugar. Usually the children really loved to eat foods that contain sugar, because it tastes sweet and delicious. However, it would be something if excessive harmful to dental health. Moreover, when the teeth are rarely brushed or cleaned. The remains of food that contains sugar will stick and it became a favorite place of bacteria destroyer teeth. When the bacteria have settled in the tooth, the tooth will become more easily rot.
Visit your dentist regularly for a dental consultation and health check at least 6 months. Familiarize dental visits in children, other than for the sake of his health it would also spur his courage. Explain why go to the dentist is important.
Avoid sweets as food was often eaten children. Most contain chocolate and sugar confectionery. If the frequency is not good for the health of your teeth and mouth.
Drugs that contain sugar will also need to be avoided, because the sugar builds up in teeth to make the teeth more vulnerable to bacteria.
If your child is reluctant to brush your teeth, change or make it a fun activity. Creative ideas you can do it. Always apply a healthy lifestyle because health is important. And disease prevention is far better than cure.

Various Benefits of Noni for Health

Noni Benefits – health articles from fruit to your diet this time will discuss about the benefits of noni fruit for health. The fruit is not good if eaten immediately it actually has a good range of benefits for health. Want to know what the health benefits of noni for? This brief article will answer noni ..
noni benefits for health
Health benefits of noni to include:
Helps the body’s immunity and resistance
Good immunity or immunity maximum can counteract many diseases attack, helps the body to fight disease and even to heal, it is based on the research. Schechter of California. Results of research conducted proved that noni can help the body increase the production of cells are very useful for fighting the disease, the T cells
Neutralize Blood Pressure
For those who have high blood pressure (hypertension) or low blood pressure, it can help to neutralize noni his blood pressure back to normal. But remember, do not over or excessively consume noni fruit. If the blood pressure is normal, you should refrain from the use of noni. Exaggeration is certainly not a good result is not?
The way this is done for the purpose of taking Noni juice and drink it regularly. Pumping of blood by the heart can lead to high blood pressure. By drinking fruit juice, your body will absorb the natural womb, namely scopoletin which serves dilate blood vessels, so the heart is not pumping blood difficult.
Eliminate pain experienced by the body
One of the other benefits of noni was able to overcome the pain experienced by the body. Analgesic substances contained can be obtained by consuming noni fruit juice extracts. Maybe you’ve felt pain as a toothache, then given the drug mefenamic acid or Ponstan. Well, given the effects of noni fruit is the same with both drugs, which relieve pain or in the world of medicine known as an analgesic agent
As an anti-bacterial
In addition to fruit, noni roots also contain benefits that are good for health, are compounds antraquinon. These compounds are useful to fight and eliminate the bacteria staphylococcus and shigella bacteria that can cause dysentery and infection of the heart.
Some of the above are some of the many health benefits of noni to actually benefit from this fruit more. How? Interested to consume this miracle fruit? In addition to consuming fruit on a regular basis, in order to get maximum results, do not forget to multiply drinking water and make it a habit of healthy lifestyles

Cindelaras

Raden Putra was the king of Jenggala kingdom. He had a beautiful queen and concubine. Unlike the queen, the concubine had bad personalities. She was envious and jealous with the queen, so she planned to make the queen leave the palace. The concubine then asked the royal healer to help her in her plan. One day, the concubine pretended to be ill. Raden Putra called the royal healer to give the concubine treatments. “What is her disease?” Raden Putra asked the royal healer. “I’m very sorry, My Majesty. She is sick because the queen put poison in her meal,” the royal healer lied. Raden Putra was shock and angry to hear the explanation. He called the queen and asked her if the story was true. Of course the queen denied, but Raden Putra won’t listen. “Please Your Majesty, have mercy. I really didn’t do anything,” cried the queen in her tears. Raden Putra’s anger ended in a decision. The queen should be banished to the woods and terminated. He did not know that the queen was already pregnant. Raden Putra commanded one of his general to do the punishment. The queen was banished to the woods, but the wise general didn’t have the heart to kill her. He built a simple house in the woods for her. On his way back to the palace, he smeared his sword with rabbit blood, so Raden Putra would believe that he had killed the queen. After the general left, the queen lived by herself in the woods. Several months later, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy. The baby was named Cindelaras. He grew up as a nice, healthy, and handsome boy. One day, while Cindelaras helped her mother to collect some fire woods, an eagle dropped an egg. Cindelaras brought the egg to be brooded by a chicken behind their house. The egg hatched into a chick and then it slowly became a strong rooster. The rooster is no ordinary rooster. The rooster could sing. Every morning, the rooster woke Cindelaras up with its beautiful song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” The rooster often sang that song. Cindelaras always woke up early in the morning and listen happily to his rooster’s song. He didn’t realize the meaning of the song until one day, he started to think. “Who is Raden Putra?” he asked his mother. The queen then told him the whole story. She also told him why they were banned from the kingdom and lived in the woods. Cindelaras was very surprised. He decided to go to the palace to meet the king, his father. Cindelaras asked her mother’s permission to go to the kingdom and to tell the king what really happened. He also brought his rooster that grew bigger and stronger each day.

On his way, Cindelaras stopped at a village. There, he met some people who were involved in cockfighting. They challenge him to see how strong his rooster was. “If your rooster wins, you’ll get a reward,” said the man who challenged him. Cindelaras accepted the challenge. In a few minutes, his rooster defeated the opponent’s rooster. He was challenged again by other man, and one more time, his rooster won. He won again and again.

The news about Cindelaras’ rooster quickly spread to the whole Jenggala kingdom and made Raden Putra curious. So, he invited Cindelaras to the palace. “What is your name, boy?” Raden Putra asked as Cindelaras arrived in the palace. “My name is Cindelaras, Your Majesty,” Cindelaras answered. He felt both thrilled and happy to see Raden Putra. 

Raden Putra challenged Cindelaras with one condition. If Raden Putra’s rooster won, Cindelaras’ head would be cut off. But if Cindelaras’ rooster won, Raden Putra would share half of his wealth. Cindelaras accepted the condition. The competition was held in the front yard of the palace. The two roosters fought bravely. But in just a few minutes, Cindelaras’ rooster won the fight! Raden Putra shook his head and stared at Cindelaras from his seat, “That rooster is no ordinary rooster, and the boy is not an ordinaty boy either. Who is he exactly?” he thought. Raden Putra was about to asked when suddenly Cindelaras’ rooster sang the song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” 

Raden Putra was surprised. “Is it true?” he asked. “Yes, My Majesty. My name is Cindelaras and my mother was the queen,” said Cindelaras. Raden putra called the general who had banished the queen. The general then confessed that he never killed the queen. Later, the royal healer also admitted his mistake. Raden Putra was so shocked. He immediately went to the woods to pick up the queen. Ever since, Cindelaras and his parents lived happily together. As for the concubine, she was sent to the jail as punishment

Railway History from time to time

History of railways in Indonesia starting from Semarang. Maybe NAME Lawang Sewu is familiar to residents of Semarang. The historic building is one of the city tetenger, besides Tugu Muda, Bhakti Mandala Museum, Feather Market, and City Hall .. However Lawang Sewu is not only related to the heroic battle of the five day event. Moreover, the unique building can not be separated from the history of the railway in Indonesia. According to a summary of the history of the organized PT KA, Lawang Sewu was originally owned by NV Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Mastshappij (NIS), which is the forerunner of railway in Indonesia. At that time the capital of the colony is located in Jakarta. However, the construction of the railway began in Semarang .. First Route Railroad History And Development in Indonesia Railway Line which served first as it was Semarang - Yogyakarta. Construction of the line began June 17, 1864, marked the first hoeing by the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies Sloet van Den Beele. Three years later, July 19, 1868 train carrying public passengers already serving line as far as 25 km from Semarang to Responsibility.
In the development after widespread private railroad, it was determined that the construction of railways is the responsibility of the government, which is coordinated by the Governor-General after getting concessions from Queen Wilhelmina. Based on the letter of the King of Java, May 28, 1842, it is proposed that the period of preparation for the installation of road network from 1842 to 1862 rail from Semarang to Kedu and some areas kingdom in Java can be done.In the rule set also that the carriages for the transport pulled by buffalo, cow, or horse. Lokomotip not planned withdrawal by train as is usual now. Java King's proposal was not met in 1846 Rochussen propose to the Governor-General of the Netherlands in order to reject the proposal. Further proposed to fund the provision of rail installation in Batavia cross-Bogor. However, in 1851, the Governor-General Duymer van Twist asking the Netherlands to reconsider the construction of granting concessions to private rail road. Finally in 1857 obtained the principle that the construction of railways can be done again by the private sector. Bose 1871, one of the opponents of private carriage road construction, installation of drafting the state railways. But the bill never came to the surface, because the Dutch Transport Minister Fransen van der Putte pulled. The bill mounting rails with cross Surabaya-Pasuruan and Malang deviation in Bangkil proposed Colonial Regional Affairs Minister Mr. Baron van Golstein. Dated 6 April 1875, the Dutch declared that date as the beginning of the government railway presence in the colony administered by a department headed by an Inspector General. Date March 1, 1885 the Bureau was abolished and merged with the Department of Public Works van or BOW. And July 1, 1909, Bureau of State Railway and Tram Company merged with the Department of State (Gouvernement Bedrijven) led by a Chief Inspector. November 1, 1917, the re-structuring occurs, resulting in the Railway Bureau, there are several sections, each section led by Chief section. Surgeon Railway and Tram Company led by Director of the State that holds the leadership in the installation, supply and environment eploitasi road train and tram. While the general supervision of the train and tram handled by the Bureau itself. Since the general supervision of the Bureau of the handle has to supervise the government-owned railway company and private. Bureau leaders who oversee this whole so-called Head of Rail and Tram Supervision under the auspices of the Ministry of State Enterprises. Date March 15, 1924, when the Office of the Chief Inspector of Railways and Tram Pengawsan led by Ir Staargaard, with the permission of the Dutch government to conduct surveillance zoning three: Exploitation of West, Central, and East. but in the early implementation Exploitation head just executing it, which is subject to the Chief Inspector in Bandung. Date 1 April 1934, reorganization and restructuring back again directed to suppress anggran operation. With so head Exploitation has full management authority. Historical Railway OfficeWith the operation of the line, NIS requires the office to carry out administrative tasks. The site chosen was at the other end then Olean Road (now Jalan Youth).The location is the intersection of Jalan Pandanaran, Jalan Dr Soetomo, and Siliwangi Street (now Jalan Soegijapranata) .. It was the architect who gained the confidence to make the design is Ir P de Rieau. There are some blueprints of the building, such as a 387 Ned. Ind.. Spooweg Maatschappij made ​​in February 1902, A 388 E Idem Lengtedoorsnede in September 1902, and the A 541 NISM Semarang voorgevel Langevlenel made ​​in 1903. Third blueprint was made ​​in Amsterdam. But until Sloet Van Den Beele died, the construction of the building has not yet begun. The Dutch government subsequently appointed Professor at Delft Jacob K Klinkhamer and BJ Oudang to build the NIS building in Semarang with reference to the Dutch style architecture .. The site chosen was an area of 18.232 square meters at the end of Olean Street, adjacent to Jalan Jalan Dr Pandanaran and Atopic Dermatitis. It seems that position later inspired two architectures from the Netherlands to create a winged building, consisting of the main building, left wing and right wing .. Before the development is done, the prospective location of the building was dredged depth of 4 meters. Further excavation was covering, with volcanic sand taken from Mount Merapi. The first foundation was made ​​February 27, 1904 with heavy concrete construction on it and then set up a wall of stone sides. All important material imported from Europe, except brick, stone mountains and teak wood .. Every day hundreds of indigenous people working on this building. Lawang Sewu official use on July 1, 1907. During its development, Lawang Sewu was also associated with a history of five-day battle in Semarang district centered in proliman (Simpanglima) which is currently known as the Tugu Muda. Historical events that occurred on August 14, 1945 - August 19, 1945, killed dozens of the Young Railway (Amka). Five of them are buried in the front yard of Lawang Sewu. They are Noersam, Salamoen, Roesman, Soetardjo RM, and RM Moenardi. Train then handed the front page covering 3542.40 square meters in Semarang Municipality Government. While five bodies in the tomb of the page, July 2, 1975 was moved to the Garden Tomb.Giri Single Heroes ceremony with the Governor of Central Java Inspector Soepardjo Roestam. Lawang Sewu building land is now live 14689.60 square meters. Indonesian railways now fairly advanced, although still far behind the train in other countries such as Singapore, but now has had 8 KA PJKA executive mete

Telaga Warna (West Java Folklore)

A stand of old kingdom in West Java. The government ruled by a wise discerning Prabu. People live in peace. Too bad not Prabu and his queen were blessed with progeny. The many years of waiting for the presence of a child, the Prabu decided to go to the forest and pray. It applies to the Almighty to give him descendants. Follow government-wide prayer finally rejoice when Prabu and Queen granted.Queen conceived and gave birth to a beautiful baby girl. Princess grows into a beautiful girl. Because it is the only daughter and first born so long awaited, it is very spoiled. All wishes are followed.

Now the daughter is an adult. Shortly, it will be seventeen years old. People's governments gather inordinate gift for their beloved princess. Sang Prabu collect all the gifts from people and intend to be split their proceeds back to them.

It's just a little aside some gold jewelry and gemstones. It then asks artisans to melt gold jewelry and make it into a beautiful jewel necklace for his daughter.

On the anniversary of the princess, Prabu handed the necklace.

"My daughter, you're now an adult. Look at this beautiful necklace. This necklace gift from our people. They are very love you. "

"Wear this necklace, son."

Deliberate government people flocking to see the princess on her birthday. They want to see a very nice necklace scattered colorful gemstones that decorate the neck of their beloved princess.

Princess necklace just glance at a glance.

Prabu and Queen persuade him that would impose a necklace.

"I will not, 'replied the princess short.

"Come on, son," said the queen, she took the necklace to her daughter dressed him in the neck.  however dismissed princess necklace hand terbanting queen to the floor.

"I do not want to wear it! Necklace is ugly! Ugly! "She shouted as she ran to her room.

Queen and all those present in awe. Necklace beautiful colors and its stone broke, scattered on the floor.

Queen sat down and began to cry. Sooner or later all the women went out crying, even the men shed tears, too. They never count very princess can do as they loved it.A stand of old kingdom in West Java. The government ruled by a wise discerning Prabu. People live in peace.

Too bad not Prabu and his queen were blessed with progeny. The many years of waiting for the presence of a child, the Prabu decided to go to the forest and pray. It applies to the Almighty to give him descendants.

Follow government-wide prayer finally rejoice when Prabu and Queen granted.Queen conceived and gave birth to a beautiful baby girl.

Princess grows into a beautiful girl. Because it is the only daughter and first born so long awaited, it is very spoiled. All wishes are followed.

Now the daughter is an adult. Shortly, it will be seventeen years old. People's governments gather inordinate gift for their beloved princess. Sang Prabu collect all the gifts from people and intend to be split their proceeds back to them.

It's just a little aside some gold jewelry and gemstones. It then asks artisans to melt gold jewelry and make it into a beautiful jewel necklace for his daughter.

On the anniversary of the princess, Prabu handed the necklace.

"My daughter, you're now an adult. Look at this beautiful necklace. This necklace gift from our people. They are very love you. "

"Wear this necklace, son."

Deliberate government people flocking to see the princess on her birthday. They want to see a very nice necklace scattered colorful gemstones that decorate the neck of their beloved princess.

Princess necklace just glance at a glance.

Prabu and Queen persuade him that would impose a necklace.

"I will not, 'replied the princess short.

"Come on, son," said the queen, she took the necklace to her daughter dressed him in the neck.  however dismissed princess necklace hand terbanting queen to the floor.

"I do not want to wear it! Necklace is ugly! Ugly! "She shouted as she ran to her room.

Queen and all those present in awe. Necklace beautiful colors and its stone broke, scattered on the floor.

Queen sat down and began to cry. Sooner or later all the women went out crying, even the men shed tears, too. They never count very princess can do as they loved it.

Sudden fall in the necklace appeared a fountain that gets bigger and bigger until sunken palace. Not only that, the entire state inundated by water, forming a vast lake.

Lake is now not covering first. The water was beautiful colorful look for the reflection color of the sky and the trees around it. But people believe that the beautiful colors of the lake comes from the princess necklace which is in essence.

The lake called Telaga Warna, located in the district of Puncak, West Java.

Photos:  http://hoteldipuncak.net/wp-content/uploads/telagawarna.jpg

likert scale

Likert scale

Likert Rensis have developed a scale to measure public attitudes in 1932 which is now known as the Likert scale. Likert scale used to measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group of people about social phenomena. With the Likert scale, the variables to be measured are translated into an indicator variable. Then the indicators are used as a starting point to develop instruments which items can be questions or statements. Answer each item instrument that uses a Likert scale has gradations from very positive to very negative, which may include words such as: Very Important (SP), Important (P), Undecided (R), Not Important (TP), Very Not Important (STP) procedure in making the Likert scale is as follows: 1. Researchers collected the items are pretty much, relevant to the problem being studied, and consisted of items that quite clear likes and dislikes. 2. Then the items attempted to a group of respondents who are representative of the population to be observed. 3. Respondents were asked to check over each item, whether he enjoys (+) or did not like it (-). The responses were collected and the answers given please indicate the highest score. There is no problem to provide the number 5 for the highest and lowest score of 1 for that or vice versa. What is important is the consistency of the direction of the attitude shown. Similarly, if the answer "agree" or "disagree" that endeared called, depending on the content of the question and the content of the items are arranged. 4. The total score of each individual is the sum of the scores of each item of the individual. 5. Responses were analyzed to determine which items are very real boundaries between high scores and low scores on the total scale. For example, respondents in the upper 25% and lower 25% were analyzed to see to what extent each item in the different groups. Items that do not show the real difference, whether incoming or low in skortinggi also disposed to maintain the internal consistency of the question.Likert Scale is considered better than Thurstone scale, because: 1. In drawing up the scale, the items that did not clearly indicate a relationship with the attitude that is being investigated still be put into the scale. In compiling the Thurstone scale, which included only those items that have been agreed upon and clearly related to the attitude to be observed that can be included. 2. Likert scale makes it easier than Thurstone scale. 3. Likert scales have relatively high reliability compared with Thurstone scale for the same number of items. The more the number of items, then the lack of reliability. Likert scale may show items that are expressed in several alternative responses (SS = strongly agree, agree = S, R = undecided, TS = disagree, STS = strongly disagree). Whereas Thurstone scale open only two alternatives only. 4. Because the term greater responsiveness make Likert scale can provide clearer information about income and real or respondents' attitudes about the issue in question. weakness Likert scale 1. Because the measure used is the size of the ordinal, Likert scale can only sort individuals in scale, but can not compare the number of times an individual is better than the other individuals. 2. Sometimes the total score of the individual does not give a clear meaning, because many patterns of response to some of the items will give the same score. The above weaknesses can actually be thought of as errors of response occurs. Sources Nazir M. Research Methods. Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor; 2005.

Guttman scale

 Guttman Scale 

Scale measurements of this type will get a firm answer. such as: 'yes' and 'no'; 'right-wrong', and others. The data obtained can be data interval or ratio dichotomy (two alternatives).So, if the Likert Scale are 1,2,3,4,5 interval, from 'strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree', then the Guttman scale there are only two intervals ie 'agree' or 'disagree'. Research conducted using the Guttman scale if you want to get a firm answer to a problem that is asked. 

scale type is only measuring one dimension of a variable that has several dimensions. For example, a researcher wants to collect data about student needs, specified 4 kinds of needs are: Friendship, Learning, Recreation and breaks, one of the dimensions of the four dimensions had to be divided into 5 statements in the questionnaire. Guttman scale would then use that statement as a fifth item: 

Examples: learning dimension is divided into 5 statements (most of the needs of low first):

1) To seek knowledge 

2) for continuing education 

3) To get a degree 

4) In order to obtain a diploma 

5) for the terms in the search for employment Hierarchy of needs 1.) The need for qualified looking for work 2.) The need for a diploma 3.) The need for a degree 4.) The need for continuing education 5.) The need for science in the form of questions: 1.) Is the learning your needs will be met in the pursuit of knowledge? (Yes / No) 2.) Is the learning will be met your needs in continuing education? (Yes / No) 3.) Is to learn your needs will be met in getting a degree? (Yes / No) 4.) Does your learning needs will be met in getting a diploma?(Yes / No) 5.) Does your learning needs will be met to qualify for the job? (Yes / No)